Kalyan Annamalai | Metabolism | Best Researcher Award

Prof. Kalyan Annamalai | Metabolism | Best Researcher Award

Texas A&M University, Mech Engg.,, College Station, United States

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Academic and Professional Background

Prof. Kalyan Annamalai, Professor Emeritus at Texas A&M University, received his Ph.D. from Georgia Tech, later conducting research at Brown University before joining Texas A&M in 1981. In 2005, he was competitively appointed as the Paul Pepper Professor. During his Fall 2013 sabbatical, he served as a Visiting Scholar at MIT’s Energy Laboratory. He is the author of two influential books—“Advanced Thermodynamics” and “Combustion Science and Engineering”—along with over 116 scholarly articles and 158 peer-reviewed conference publications. His interdisciplinary research spans from the respiratory quotient (RQ) and global CO₂ budget to second-law-based lifespan predictions and the application of group combustion principles to organ metabolism.

Research and Innovations

Prof. Annamalai’s research has advanced energy conversion through oxygen-deficient (OD) combustion, including group combustion modeling for both fossil fuels and biological systems. He holds a U.S. patent for NOx reduction using animal waste, achieving up to 90% reduction. He extended the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) concept, commonly used in biology (RQ ≈ 0.8 for humans), to evaluate fossil fuel emissions in tons of CO₂ per GJ. From Keeling’s atmospheric CO₂/O₂ data, he derived the Global RQ (≈ 0.47), providing a thermodynamic basis for the Earth’s carbon cycle and offering explanations for its climate response and axial tilt due to fossil fuel mining. His innovative application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics enabled entropy-based lifespan predictions. By linking OD combustion models to organ-level cell clouds, he addressed two fundamental biological puzzles: how organs scale metabolic rates across body sizes and why energy release per kg of organ mass declines with size. Medical practitioners can now use a defined “G_OD” number from his study “Secrets of Kleiber’s Law” to quantify organ oxygen deficiency.

Interdisciplinary Contributions

Driven by scientific curiosity, especially after retirement, Prof. Annamalai ventured into cross-disciplinary frontiers. Despite limited support due to political and institutional hurdles, he bridged engineering thermodynamics with biological metabolism. He discovered similarities between Specific Energy Release Rates (SERR) of fossil fuels and Specific Organ Metabolic Rates (SOMR). His work showed how oxygen-deficient combustion engineering principles could explain biological scaling laws, including the Kleiber’s law puzzle of whole-body metabolic rate adjustments across species. Remarkably, using just data from a 2 g shrew and a 390 g rat, his model predicted SOMR for 116 species, validating Lindstedt and Schaeffer’s hypothesis: that a blue whale and a tiny shrew operate on fundamentally similar biochemical processes.

Research Areas

His key research domains include: energy conversion from coal, animal waste, mesquite, and renewables; NOx reduction technologies using biomass reburning; and interdisciplinary approaches that apply the Second Law to lifespan prediction, as well as the oxygen-deficient combustion model to biological systems.

Professional Memberships

Prof. Annamalai is an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, reflecting his longstanding contributions to both engineering and combustion science.

Notable Publications


Secrets of Kleiber’s and Maximum Metabolic Rate Allometries Revealed with a Link to Oxygen-Deficient Combustion Engineering

Author: Kalyan Annamalai

Journal: Oxygen

Year: 2025


Secrets of Kleiber’s and Maximum Metabolic Rate Allometries Revealed with a Link to Oxygen-Deficient Combustion Engineering

Author: Kalyan Annamalai

Journal: Preprints

Year: 2025


Breathing Planet Earth: Analysis of Keeling’s Data on CO2 and O2 with Respiratory Quotient (RQ), Part II: Energy-Based Global RQ and CO2 Budget

Author: Kalyan Annamalai

Journal: Energies

Year: 2024


Breathing Planet Earth: Analysis of Keeling’s Data on CO2 and O2 with Respiratory Quotient (RQ), Part I: Global Respiratory Quotient (RQGlob) of Earth

Author: Kalyan Annamalai

Journal: Energies

Year: 2024


Reburning of Animal Waste Based Biomass with Coal for NOx Reduction, Part I: Feedlot Biomass (FB) and Coal:FB Blends

Authors: Hyukjin Oh, Kalyan Annamalai, Paul G. Goughner, Ben Thien, John M. Sweeten

Journal: Energies

Year: 2021


Oxygen Deficient (OD) Combustion and Metabolism: Allometric Laws of Organs and Kleiber’s Law from OD Metabolism?

Author: Kalyan Annamalai

Journal: Systems

Year: 2021

Dr. Sumera Aziz | Biomolecules  | Best Researcher Award

Dr. Sumera Aziz | Biomolecules  | Best Researcher Award

University of Alberta, Canada

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🎓 Educational Background

Dr. Sumera Aziz has cultivated an impressive academic journey marked by excellence and international recognition. She recently earned her Ph.D. in Epidemiology from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA (2019–2024), where she also obtained an MPhil in Epidemiology (2019–2022). Earlier, she completed her FCPS in Community Medicine from Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (2013–2017), and acquired an MSc in Epidemiology and Biostatistics from the same institution (2010–2012). Her medical career began with an MBBS (equivalent to an MD) from Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan (2003–2009). These academic milestones reflect her unwavering commitment to public health and medical research.

💼 Professional Experience

Currently, Dr. Aziz serves as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Alberta, Canada (2024–present), continuing her impactful research on maternal and child health. She was previously the Head of Research at Research Guide LLC in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (2020–2024), and a Fulbright Scholar and Teaching Fellow at Columbia University (2019–2024). Her academic roots lie in Pakistan, where she held several key teaching and research positions at Aga Khan University, including Assistant Professor, Senior Instructor, and Instructor in the Department of Community Health Sciences (2013–2019). Dr. Aziz brings a wealth of academic leadership and field experience spanning over a decade.

🏅 Honors and Awards

Dr. Aziz’s scholarly excellence has been widely recognized through numerous prestigious awards and fellowships. She was awarded the Alberta Innovates Postdoctoral Recruitment Fellowship valued at CAD $70,000 (2024–2026) and the Fulbright Scholarship to support her PhD at Columbia University (2019–2024). Her outstanding contributions earned her the Jeremiah Barondess Award in Epidemiology (2024) and the Allan Rosenfield Alumni Award for Excellence (2019–2021). She also received the Capacity Development Scholarship from the National Institutes of Health, USA, and was honored with the Outstanding Teacher Award at Aga Khan University (2018). In addition, her research presentations won first prizes at national public health conferences for both oral and poster categories. She was also a scholarship recipient for her MBBS degree from the Aga Khan Education Service, Pakistan.

🔬 Research Grants and Projects

Dr. Sumera Aziz has served as Principal Investigator or Co-Investigator on multiple high-impact research projects with global and national significance. Most notably, she led the Pakistan site of the Women First Study (2013–2020), funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, with a budget exceeding US$ 1.49 million. This study explored preconception maternal nutrition and its effects on child growth and neurodevelopment in Pakistan, India, Guatemala, and DRC. She also led a UNICEF-funded health system analysis (2018–2019) on maternal and child health services in Pakistan (US$ 149,973), and a study on birth registry data quality (2017–2019). As a Principal Investigator, she examined the costs of vaginal and cesarean deliveries in Karachi hospitals (2017–2018). Additionally, she contributed as Co-Investigator in the Antenatal Corticosteroid Trial (ACT), a global study assessing neonatal mortality reduction through preterm birth interventions, funded by the NICHD. She was also involved in the measles immunization evaluation in Sindh (2014), supported by GAVI, WHO, JICA, and other partners, and worked on the Leadership in Family Planning and Reproductive Health Project, funded by the Packard Foundation.

🌍 Global Health Impact

Dr. Sumera Aziz has consistently demonstrated leadership in maternal and child health, community medicine, and health systems research. Her work spans across continents and collaborations with top-tier institutions and global health agencies, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, NIH, and WHO. Her rigorous, community-centered research is helping shape health policies and improve maternal and child health outcomes in resource-constrained settings.

Notable Publications📄


📄Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Authors: Nasser S.M., Seema Mohammed; Shubair M.M., Mamdouh Mohamed; Fatani F.; Javed S., Shahan; El-Metwally A.A.S., Ashraf Abdel Salam

Journal: BMC Health Services Research

Year: 2025


📄Role of preconception nutrition supplements in maternal anemia and intrauterine growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Authors: Ali S.A., Sumera Aziz; Genkinger J.M., Jeanine M.; Kahe K.; Krebs N.F., Nancy; Kuhn L., Louise

Journal: Systematic Reviews

Year: 2025


📄Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, but not preconception or prenatal maternal nutrition supplementation, predict neurodevelopment in offspring of the ‘Women First’ trial

Authors: Waldrop S.W., Stephanie W.; Chowdhury D., Dhuly; Westcott J.E., Jamie E.; Hambidge M.K., Michael K.; Krebs N.F., Nancy F.

Journal: Maternal and Child Nutrition

Year: 2024


📄Zinc Supplementation Initiated Prior to or During Pregnancy Modestly Impacted Maternal Status and High Prevalence of Hypozincemia in Pregnancy and Lactation: The Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial

Authors: Kemp J.F., Jennifer F.; Hambidge K.M., K. Michael; Westcott J.E., Jamie E.; Goldenberg R.L., Robert L.; Koso-Thomas M.W., Marion W.

Journal: Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2024